Idaho City, situated in Boise County, Idaho, rests above the confluence of Elk and Mores creeks within the Boise National Forest. This small city, at an elevation of 4,400 feet, is roughly 24 miles northeast of Boise. Often recognized for its rich history, Idaho City was a booming site during the 1862 gold rush, at one point rivaling larger cities in the Pacific Northwest with a peak population of around 7,000 people.
Now, the city is much quieter, housing approximately 511 residents as of mid-2024. Despite its reduced size, Idaho City retains a vibrant glimpse into the past, with its historic district, including buildings like the Boise County Courthouse and the Masonic Hall, which mark its prosperous mining era.
Idaho City is fondly nicknamed the “Gem of the Mountains,” a nod to the rich mineral history of Idaho itself. Geographically, the city features a continental Mediterranean climate with a significant range of temperatures and a considerable amount of snowfall, making it distinct from the more temperate Boise.
Today, what remains of the 19th-century boomtown architecture draws visitors and history enthusiasts. The city’s preservation efforts ensure that the historic downtown, some buildings dating back to the 1860s, continue to tell the tale of Idaho City’s golden past.
Are you planning an exploration of Idaho City? Here are the best things to do in Idaho City, Idaho.
Things To Do Idaho City, Idaho
1. Visit The Springs for a Relaxing Hot Springs Experience
The Springs
The Springs is one of Idaho City’s top destinations for relaxation. Nestled in the forest, this natural hot springs resort offers a peaceful escape for visitors. The main pool, filled with soothing geothermal water, is surrounded by beautiful mountain views. Whether you visit in winter or summer, the pools maintain a perfect temperature for a comfortable soak.
The Springs also features a smaller, hotter tub and private pools for those seeking a more intimate experience. Guests can unwind with complimentary tea, coffee, or mineral water provided poolside.
For an added treat, servers are available to take orders for food and drinks from the on-site café. The menu includes sandwiches, soups, and even craft beer and wine. Guests can enjoy their meals by the pool or in cozy, heated yurts during cooler months.
For ultimate relaxation, book a private massage session at their spa. Reservations are required, so plan ahead to ensure your spot. Family-friendly days and adults-only sessions make it ideal for everyone.
Address: 3740 Highway 21, Idaho City, ID 83631
2. Explore the Boise Basin Museum to Delve into the Local History
The Boise Basin Museum is a treasure trove for history lovers. Located in a historic building, it tells the story of Idaho City’s gold rush days. Step inside and explore exhibits filled with artifacts from the mid-1800s. Old mining tools, photographs, and personal items paint a vivid picture of life during the gold boom.
The museum also highlights the challenges miners and settlers faced during this period. Visitors can learn about Idaho City’s rise as a major gold-mining hub in the Pacific Northwest. There are interactive displays for children, making it engaging for all ages. The knowledgeable staff are always happy to answer questions and share stories about the town’s past.
The building itself is a historical gem. Originally a post office, it has been carefully preserved to maintain its 19th-century charm. Outside, you’ll find relics like old wagons and mining equipment. Don’t miss the chance to see how early pioneers lived and worked in this rugged frontier town.
If you love history, the Boise Basin Museum is the perfect place to start your Idaho City journey. It’s both educational and fascinating.
Address: 503 Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
3. Hike the Charcoal Gulch Trail for Scenic Views and a Touch of Nature
The Charcoal Gulch Trail offers a refreshing way to experience Idaho City’s natural beauty. This scenic 5.1-mile trail winds through dense forests and rolling hills. It’s perfect for hikers looking for a moderate challenge. The steady incline on the way up rewards you with beautiful views of the Boise National Forest.
The trail is shaded for most of the hike, keeping it cool even during the warmer months. Wildflowers bloom in spring, adding pops of color to the lush green landscape. Along the way, you’ll spot towering pine trees, small creeks, and maybe even wildlife like deer or squirrels. Bring bug spray, as mosquitoes are common during summer.
The descent back down is easier and just as enjoyable. It’s a great trail for families, hikers, and nature lovers. Make sure to wear sturdy shoes and carry water, as the uphill climb can be tiring. Dogs are welcome on the trail, but they must be on a leash.
For anyone seeking quiet and scenic hiking near Idaho City, Charcoal Gulch Trail is a fantastic choice. It’s a perfect blend of nature, exercise, and relaxation.
Address: Trailhead located off Buena Vista Road, Idaho City, ID 83631
4. Take a Leisurely Walk Around the Buena Vista Loop Trail
The Buena Vista Loop Trail is ideal for those seeking an easy and relaxing walk. This 1.8-mile loop is perfect for families, beginners, or anyone looking to enjoy Idaho City’s peaceful outdoors. The trail is mostly flat, making it accessible to all skill levels.
Start your walk at the Buena Vista Trailhead, located near the Idaho City Airport. The path winds through pine forests, offering shade and a calm atmosphere. During spring and summer, you’ll find wildflowers blooming along the trail. In fall, the colorful foliage makes for beautiful scenery.
This loop trail is great for a quick stroll or even a light jog. It’s well-maintained, and there are restrooms at the trailhead for added convenience. Along the way, fitness stations provide options for those who want to add a bit of exercise to their walk. Keep an eye out for birds and other small wildlife that live in the area.
Whether you’re stretching your legs after a long drive or looking for a gentle outdoor adventure, the Buena Vista Loop Trail is a great stop. It’s short, scenic, and suitable for all ages.
Address: Buena Vista Trailhead, Wall Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
5. Enjoy a Unique Dining Experience at Trudy’s Kitchen
Trudy’s Kitchen is a beloved spot in Idaho City for hearty meals and friendly service. This cozy, family-owned diner has been serving delicious food for years and is a favorite among locals and visitors. Known for its homemade dishes and comforting atmosphere, Trudy’s Kitchen is a must-stop when in town.
Start your day with their famous breakfast options. The biscuits and gravy, fluffy pancakes, and omelets are a hit. For lunch and dinner, the menu features classics like burgers, sandwiches, and their famous pot pies. Don’t miss their freshly baked pies and desserts. Trudy’s Kitchen is best known for its mouthwatering cinnamon rolls, so save room for something sweet.
The interior is warm and inviting, with rustic décor that gives it a small-town charm. It feels like stepping into a home away from home. The portions are generous, and the prices are reasonable, ensuring you leave full and satisfied.
Address: 3876 Highway 21, Idaho City, ID 83631
6. Sip a Drink at Diamond Lil’s Saloon, Known for Its Historic Decor
Diamond Lil’s Saloon is a must-visit for anyone seeking a taste of history and old Western charm. This iconic saloon in Idaho City has been around for decades, and its vintage interior is packed with character. From the moment you walk in, you’ll notice the hardwood floors, walls covered in historical photos, and memorabilia that take you back in time.
One of the most unique features of Diamond Lil’s is the Money Bar. It’s famous for its collection of pre-1928 paper currency, with bills displayed on the bar and ceiling. The atmosphere is lively and welcoming, making it a great spot to unwind.
There’s more to do than just drink. The saloon features pool tables, a jukebox, and even a shuffleboard table for visitors to enjoy. It’s a fantastic place to relax, chat with locals, and soak in the historic vibes.
If you love history or simply want to enjoy a drink in a unique setting, Diamond Lil’s Saloon is the perfect stop.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
7. Try Fishing at Mores Creek for a Chance to Catch Rainbow Trout
Mores Creek
Mores Creek is a peaceful fishing spot located near Idaho City. Known for its clear waters and serene surroundings, this creek is perfect for anglers of all experience levels. It’s stocked with rainbow trout throughout the fishing season, making it an excellent place to cast your line.
During the summer months, the calm waters of Mores Creek offer plenty of opportunities for a successful fishing day. Late July is particularly popular when kokanee salmon begin to spawn in the lower parts of the creek.
Bring your fishing gear, some bait, and plenty of patience. You’ll find great spots along the banks where you can sit back and enjoy the scenery while waiting for a bite.
The area around Mores Creek is also ideal for relaxing and picnicking. Pack a lunch, grab a chair, and spend the day surrounded by nature. Whether you’re catching fish or simply enjoying the beauty of the forested landscape, Mores Creek offers a quiet escape from daily life.
Address: Accessible via Highway 21 near Idaho City, ID 83631
8. Attend the Gold Dust Rodeo for Local Entertainment
The Gold Dust Rodeo is one of Idaho City’s most exciting events of the year. Held annually, this rodeo brings the community together for a weekend of thrilling entertainment. From barrel racing to bull riding, the rodeo showcases the talents of both local and visiting cowboys and cowgirls.
The event typically takes place in late June when the weather is perfect for outdoor fun. Families can enjoy a variety of activities alongside the main rodeo events. Kids’ rodeo competitions, food stalls, and live music add to the festive atmosphere. Bring lawn chairs or blankets to settle in for a great view of the action.
The Gold Dust Rodeo is more than just a sporting event; it’s a celebration of Idaho’s Western culture and traditions. Visitors can expect an authentic small-town experience filled with excitement and hospitality. Don’t forget to grab some delicious snacks like kettle corn or BBQ from the vendors while enjoying the show.
Address: Boise Basin Rodeo Grounds, Idaho City, ID 83631
9. Celebrate During the Annual Idaho City Days for Fun and Festivities
Idaho City Days is an annual celebration that brings the town to life with fun, history, and community spirit. Held in early October, this event offers a variety of activities for all ages. Visitors can enjoy artisan markets, live music, food vendors, and unique competitions. It’s the perfect way to experience the charm and culture of Idaho City.
One of the highlights is the Mountain Man Competition, where participants showcase old-world skills like tomahawk throwing, fire-starting, and archery. This adds an exciting and authentic historical touch to the event. You can also take part in cider pressing, photography contests, and local crafts workshops.
The streets of Idaho City buzz with vendors selling handmade goods, antiques, and local food. This is a great opportunity to shop for unique souvenirs or gifts. Children will also enjoy the family-friendly activities and games set up throughout the event. Live music performances create a festive atmosphere that adds to the fun.
Idaho City Days offers a wonderful mix of entertainment and small-town hospitality. It’s the ideal time to visit Idaho City and enjoy its vibrant community spirit while celebrating its rich heritage.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
10. Indulge in a Barbecue Dinner at Gold Mine Grill & Saloon
Gold Mine Grill & Saloon is a must-visit for anyone craving smoky, flavorful barbecue in Idaho City. This rustic restaurant offers a laid-back atmosphere and mouthwatering dishes. Known for their tri-tip, smoked pork, and brisket, this spot is a meat lover’s dream.
One of the highlights is their pulled pork nachos, stacked high with layers of tender pork, cheese, and jalapeños. For a hearty meal, try their three-meat sandwich, which combines brisket, pulled pork, and smoked sausage with coleslaw and jalapeños. If you’re dining with friends or family, the portions are generous and perfect for sharing.
The interior of Gold Mine Grill is cozy and filled with wooden décor, giving it an old-time Western feel. In warmer months, the outdoor patio offers a relaxing space to enjoy your meal with views of Idaho City’s historic surroundings. If you’re stopping by for breakfast, their hearty omelets and pancakes are worth trying too.
Address: 3867 Highway 21, Idaho City, ID 83631
11. Visit the Idaho City Historical Museum to See Artifacts from the Gold Rush Era
The Idaho City Historical Museum takes visitors on a journey back to the gold rush days. Located in a charming, historic building, this museum is packed with fascinating artifacts and stories that bring Idaho City’s past to life.
Inside, you’ll find mining tools, maps, photographs, and personal belongings from the 19th-century pioneers. The exhibits offer a glimpse into the lives of miners and settlers who flocked to the Boise Basin during the gold boom. Each display is thoughtfully curated, showcasing the challenges and successes of life in a mining town.
The museum’s knowledgeable staff share engaging stories about the town’s history, making the visit even more enjoyable. Outside the building, you’ll see old wagons, equipment, and structures that were once part of Idaho City’s thriving community.
Visiting the Idaho City Historical Museum is like stepping back in time. It’s an educational and enriching experience for history enthusiasts and families alike. Don’t forget to take a photo in front of the museum’s historic façade as a memento of your visit.
Address: 503 Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
12. Shop for Unique Items and Antiques on Main Street
Main Street in Idaho City is a shopper’s paradise for those who love antiques and unique finds. The street is lined with charming shops that offer everything from vintage furniture to handmade crafts. It’s the perfect place to spend a leisurely afternoon browsing for treasures.
Antique lovers will enjoy stores like The Rusty Spur, where you can find cowboy hats, boots, and Western memorabilia. For collectors, the Gold Mine Thrift Store offers vintage books, clothing, and unique home décor pieces. Each shop has its own character and collection, making every stop an adventure.
Local artisans also sell handmade goods, including jewelry, pottery, and art. These items make for great souvenirs or gifts. As you stroll down Main Street, you’ll enjoy the small-town charm of Idaho City. The historic buildings, wooden sidewalks, and friendly shop owners add to the experience.
Take your time exploring the shops, chatting with locals, and discovering one-of-a-kind items. Whether you’re searching for a special antique or just window-shopping, Main Street is a must-visit in Idaho City.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
13. Uncover Local Crafts and Arts at the Local Shops
Idaho City’s local shops offer a delightful collection of handmade crafts and unique artwork. These stores showcase the talents of local artisans and provide a chance to take home something special. Whether you’re looking for custom jewelry, hand-carved wood pieces, or local art, the shops here have something for everyone.
One standout stop is the Idaho City Emporium. This charming store features locally made items, from pottery to paintings. The friendly staff are happy to share the stories behind the products, giving you a deeper connection to your purchase. Other shops, like BoCo Collectibles, specialize in fine art, including works by regional artists.
You’ll also find handmade candles, soaps, and textiles that reflect the area’s rustic character. For those who appreciate craftsmanship, the locally made leather goods and wooden crafts are perfect keepsakes. Many stores also sell Idaho-themed souvenirs, so you can take a piece of this historic town home with you.
Exploring Idaho City’s art and craft shops is a relaxing way to connect with the town’s creative spirit. These stores not only support local artisans but also celebrate the unique charm and history of the area.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
14. Admire the Architectural Beauty of the Boise County Courthouse
Boise County Courthouse
The Boise County Courthouse is a striking reminder of Idaho City’s rich history. Built in 1867, this courthouse stands as one of the town’s most iconic landmarks. Its sturdy brick exterior and classic design reflect the architectural style of the 19th century.
This historic courthouse served as the center of government during the town’s gold rush boom. While it has been restored over the years, it still retains much of its original character. Visitors can admire the beautiful brickwork, old wooden doors, and tall windows that give the building its timeless appeal.
Today, the Boise County Courthouse is not just a historical monument; it’s a testament to the resilience of Idaho City. The building withstood fires and the decline of the mining boom but remains a symbol of the town’s golden past.
Take a moment to walk around the courthouse and snap a few photos. The building’s details are best appreciated up close. For history enthusiasts, this courthouse is an important piece of Idaho City’s story and a must-see landmark.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
15. Take a Guided Walking Tour to Learn About the Town’s Settlers and History
A guided walking tour is one of the best ways to experience Idaho City’s history up close. Led by knowledgeable locals, these tours provide fascinating insights into the town’s gold rush era, architecture, and the lives of its settlers.
During the tour, you’ll walk along Idaho City’s historic streets, lined with old wooden sidewalks and preserved buildings. Guides share stories about the town’s early days when miners flocked to the Boise Basin in search of gold. You’ll learn about the fires that reshaped the city, the Chinese immigrants who played a key role in its growth, and the challenges settlers faced in this rugged frontier town.
Key stops often include the Boise Basin Museum, the historic Masonic Hall, and remnants of old saloons and hotels. Some tours even offer access to hidden alleyways and lesser-known sites. Each stop adds to the charm and intrigue of Idaho City’s past.
A walking tour offers a deeper appreciation for the town’s resilience and heritage. It’s both entertaining and educational, making it a must-do for history lovers.
Address: Meet at the Idaho City Visitor Center, 100 Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
16. Explore Nature Through the Hiking Trails Around Idaho City
Idaho City is surrounded by scenic hiking trails that offer something for everyone. Whether you’re looking for a short, easy walk or a challenging hike, the trails here showcase the area’s stunning natural beauty.
The Buena Vista Loop Trail is perfect for beginners or families. It’s a flat, 1.8-mile path through lush pine forests with occasional clearings for scenic views. For more of a challenge, head to Charcoal Gulch Trail. This 5.1-mile trail climbs steadily uphill and rewards hikers with quiet forest landscapes and shaded pathways.
Many of the trails wind through Boise National Forest, offering peaceful surroundings and opportunities to spot wildlife like deer, birds, and small mammals. During spring and summer, wildflowers add vibrant colors to the trails. Fall hiking is equally beautiful, with golden foliage blanketing the area.
Be sure to bring water, snacks, and proper footwear for your hike. Trail maps are available at the Idaho City Visitor Center if you need help choosing the right path. Exploring these trails is a great way to enjoy Idaho City’s natural beauty and connect with its rugged outdoor spirit.
Address: Trailheads accessible via Highway 21 near Idaho City, ID 83631
17. Relax and Soak in the Natural Hot Springs Near the Town
Idaho City is known for its natural hot springs, offering visitors a chance to relax and unwind in a serene setting. Located just a few miles from the town center, these geothermal pools are surrounded by the beauty of Boise National Forest, creating a perfect escape from daily life.
The most popular spot is The Springs, a hot spring resort with both public and private soaking pools. The main pool is large and kept at a comfortable temperature year-round, making it ideal for families or groups.
If you’re looking for more privacy, you can book a private tub surrounded by peaceful wooded views. Visitors can also enjoy complimentary herbal teas and coffee while they soak.
The Springs is well-maintained and offers additional amenities like a steam room and onsite massages for extra relaxation. During winter, soaking in the warm water while snow blankets the surrounding forest is truly magical. In summer, it’s a great way to cool off and enjoy Idaho’s scenic outdoors. Reservations are required, so be sure to book ahead.
Address: 3740 Highway 21, Idaho City, ID 83631
18. Check Out the Local Dining Scene for a Variety of Culinary Delights
Idaho City offers a surprisingly diverse dining scene that caters to all tastes. From cozy diners to rustic saloons, you’ll find delicious options to satisfy your cravings after a day of exploring. The town’s eateries combine hearty comfort food with small-town charm.
Trudy’s Kitchen is a standout for its homemade meals, generous portions, and famous pies. Known for dishes like chicken pot pie and cinnamon rolls, this family-owned spot is a local favorite. For barbecue lovers, Gold Mine Grill & Saloon serves up tender tri-tip, pulled pork, and brisket that are worth the stop.
If you’re in the mood for classic American fare, Diamond Lil’s Saloon offers burgers, fries, and cold drinks in a historic setting. For something quick and sweet, visit the Sarsaparilla Ice Cream Parlor & Gift. Their old-fashioned ice cream and floats are perfect for a refreshing treat.
Dining in Idaho City isn’t just about the food. It’s about the experience. Many of these establishments are set in historic buildings, adding a unique atmosphere to your meal.
Address: Various locations along Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
19. Participate in Family-Friendly Events Available Throughout the Year
Idaho City is home to numerous family-friendly events throughout the year, making it a great destination for visitors of all ages. These events celebrate the town’s heritage, community spirit, and natural surroundings, offering fun activities that bring families together.
One of the most popular events is the annual Idaho City Days in October. Families can enjoy live music, food vendors, and the Mountain Man Competition, where kids and adults alike can join in fun challenges. During the summer months, the Gold Dust Rodeo offers thrilling rodeo competitions, kids’ events, and local entertainment.
Holiday celebrations also draw families to town. In July, Idaho City hosts festive Fourth of July activities, including a reading of the Declaration of Independence and other patriotic events. During the winter season, the town transforms with festive lights and holiday cheer, perfect for creating family memories.
In addition to major events, Idaho City hosts seasonal activities like craft fairs, farmer’s markets, and outdoor movie nights. These events provide great opportunities to meet locals, experience the town’s charm, and enjoy Idaho City’s welcoming atmosphere.
If you’re traveling with kids, check the local calendar to plan your visit around one of these fun events.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
20. Hunt for Treasures in the Numerous Antique Shops
Idaho City is a paradise for antique lovers, offering an array of shops filled with treasures from the past. The town’s rich history makes it the perfect place to explore unique vintage items, collectibles, and rare finds. Each shop has its own charm, with shelves packed full of furniture, books, tools, and old-fashioned memorabilia.
The Rusty Spur is one of the most popular stops, specializing in Western antiques like cowboy boots, hats, and décor. For a mix of vintage goods and hidden gems, visit the Gold Mine Thrift Store. This eclectic shop features everything from retro clothing to quirky home décor. Every visit feels like a treasure hunt, as you never know what you’ll find.
Many of the shops also highlight Idaho City’s mining history, selling relics like old mining tools, lanterns, and maps. For collectors, there are coins, postcards, and historic photographs that tell the story of the town’s golden days.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
21. Attend the Jack Pine Round-Up for More Local Rodeo Action
The Jack Pine Round-Up is another exciting rodeo event that highlights Idaho City’s Western roots. Held annually at the end of August, this rodeo draws visitors and locals together for a weekend filled with thrilling events, good food, and fun entertainment.
The main events include bull riding, barrel racing, bronc riding, and steer wrestling. Skilled cowboys and cowgirls compete for prizes, showcasing their athleticism and Western spirit. Spectators can cheer from the stands as riders take on bucking broncos or race around barrels at high speed.
The Jack Pine Round-Up isn’t just about the rodeo. Families can enjoy kid-friendly activities like rodeo-themed games, pony rides, and food vendors serving barbecue, kettle corn, and classic fair treats. One of the highlights of the weekend is the Boise Basin Hunger Project Cowboy Breakfast. This community meal serves up hearty pancakes, eggs, and coffee to support a good cause.
This rodeo is more than entertainment; it’s a celebration of tradition and community. It’s the perfect way to experience small-town charm and Idaho’s Western heritage. Mark your calendar, bring a lawn chair, and enjoy a day of action-packed fun at the Jack Pine Round-Up.
Address: Boise Basin Rodeo Grounds, Idaho City, ID 83631
22. Enjoy the Fourth of July Celebrations with the Local Community
Fourth of July Celebrations
Idaho City comes alive every Fourth of July with a mix of patriotic traditions and small-town fun. This annual celebration is a perfect way to experience the warmth and hospitality of the Idaho City community. Visitors of all ages can enjoy events that honor America’s Independence Day in a relaxed and festive setting.
The day often begins with a reading of the Declaration of Independence, reminding attendees of the holiday’s significance. Throughout the day, Main Street fills with activities, including parades, live music, and vendors selling food and handmade crafts. Kids can join games, face painting, or small competitions that make the day extra special for families.
Local restaurants and saloons add to the excitement, offering special treats and drinks to keep the celebration going. By evening, families gather with lawn chairs and blankets to enjoy fireworks lighting up the Idaho City night sky. The display may be smaller than in big cities, but its charm and intimacy make it unforgettable.
Celebrating the Fourth of July in Idaho City is a delightful experience that blends history, tradition, and small-town community spirit. It’s a perfect way to spend the holiday surrounded by beauty and friendly faces.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
23. Experience the Mountain Man Competition During Idaho City Days
The Mountain Man Competition is a highlight of Idaho City Days and a unique way to experience the town’s rugged history. This lively event brings Idaho’s frontier spirit to life with exciting challenges that showcase the skills of early pioneers.
Participants compete in traditional activities like tomahawk throwing, fire-starting, archery, and log sawing. These events test their strength, precision, and survival skills, making for an engaging and thrilling spectacle. Whether you’re watching or participating, the competition gives you a taste of what life was like for mountain men and settlers.
Many competitors dress in period-accurate clothing, adding an authentic touch to the event. It’s a great opportunity to learn about the tools and techniques used during the Gold Rush and pioneer days. The event is family-friendly, with activities for kids to try their hand at simpler challenges under supervision.
The Mountain Man Competition perfectly captures Idaho City’s heritage and adventurous spirit. It’s not just a contest but a celebration of the town’s history and culture. Watching these old-world skills in action is both entertaining and educational, making it a must-see event during Idaho City Days.
Address: Main Street, Idaho City, ID 83631
Final Thoughts
Idaho City leaves you with memorable experiences and a deeper appreciation for its heritage. From its rich Gold Rush past to its scenic surroundings, the town provides a refreshing escape that feels both timeless and inviting. Plan a visit to this hidden gem and discover why Idaho City continues to capture the hearts of travelers year after year.