23 Best & Fun Things To Do in Tustin (CA)

Tustin, California, is a charming city in Orange County, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Known as the “City of Trees,” it boasts abundant sycamores and oaks. The city was founded in 1868 by Columbus Tustin and was incorporated in 1927. As of 2022, Tustin’s population was 78,418. The city’s geographical area covers 11.12 square miles.

Tustin is known for its historic landmarks, including the massive wooden blimp hangars from World War II, which are among the largest in the world. The city is bordered by Irvine, Orange, and Santa Ana, offering a central location in Southern California.

Unique neighborhoods in Tustin include Old Town Tustin, Tustin Ranch, and Columbus Square. These areas reflect the city’s rich history and development over the years. The city also enjoys a Mediterranean climate, making it pleasant year-round.

A fun fact about Tustin is its role in the citrus industry, with orchards playing a significant part in its early economy. Today, it’s a vibrant community known for its quality schools, diverse population, and scenic beauty.

Are you planning to visit Tustin? Check out the best things to do in Tustin, CA.

Things To Do in Tustin, CA

1. Enderle Center

Enderle Center is a charming shopping and dining destination in Tustin. This boutique shopping center offers a unique blend of specialty stores, restaurants, and professional services. The center’s quaint, village-like atmosphere makes it a pleasant place to spend an afternoon.

Explore the variety of shops that offer everything from fashion and home décor to gifts and accessories. Some standout stores include Lily Pad, known for its stylish women’s clothing, and Village Books, a beloved local bookstore. For unique home furnishings, check out Embellishments and Hen House.

Dining at Enderle Center is a delight with options to suit every palate. Zov’s Bistro is a local favorite, offering Mediterranean-inspired dishes in a cozy setting. For a quick bite, visit the Corner Bakery Café for delicious sandwiches and salads. Don’t miss the desserts at Creamistry, where you can enjoy ice cream made to order using liquid nitrogen.

Enderle Center also hosts events throughout the year, such as holiday celebrations and special sales. These events create a lively atmosphere and provide additional reasons to visit this lovely shopping center.

Address: 17350 17th St, Tustin, CA 92780

2. Peppertree Park

Peppertree Park is a beautiful green space perfect for family outings and relaxation. The park features spacious lawns, mature trees, and well-maintained pathways. It’s an ideal location for picnics, outdoor games, and casual strolls.

Kids will love the playground, which is equipped with modern play structures and safety features. There are also sports courts for basketball and tennis, catering to those looking to engage in some friendly competition. The park’s open fields are great for soccer, frisbee, or simply running around.

Peppertree Park also offers plenty of shaded areas, making it comfortable for a picnic even on sunny days. Bring a blanket and some snacks, and enjoy a leisurely afternoon under the trees. For those who prefer a more active visit, the park’s walking paths provide a pleasant route for jogging or walking.

Community events are frequently held at Peppertree Park, including outdoor concerts, movies in the park, and local fairs. These events foster a sense of community and provide enjoyable activities for residents and visitors alike.

Address: 230 W First St, Tustin, CA 92780

3. Tustin Ranch Golf Club

Tustin Ranch Golf Club is a premier golfing destination. This 18-hole championship course offers a challenging and scenic experience for golfers of all skill levels. The course is known for its well-maintained greens, strategic bunkers, and picturesque views of the surrounding hills.

Designed by Ted Robinson, the course features a mix of water hazards and rolling fairways. Each hole presents a unique challenge, making it an exciting course to play. The signature 18th hole, with its stunning waterfall, is a favorite among players.

The golf club also provides excellent practice facilities, including a driving range, putting green, and chipping area. If you’re looking to improve your game, professional instructors are available for lessons.

Tustin Ranch Golf Club isn’t just about golf. The clubhouse offers a full-service restaurant, Pine Tree Grill, which serves delicious meals with a view of the course. It’s a perfect spot to relax after a round of golf.

The club also hosts events such as weddings, corporate meetings, and golf tournaments. The beautiful setting and top-notch service make it a popular venue for special occasions.

Address: 12442 Tustin Ranch Rd, Tustin, CA 92782

4. Marconi Automotive Museum

Car enthusiasts will love the Marconi Automotive Museum. This unique museum showcases an impressive collection of high-performance and vintage cars. The museum was founded by Dick Marconi, a race car driver and philanthropist, and the collection reflects his passion for automotive excellence.

The museum features a variety of cars, including Ferraris, Lamborghinis, and American muscle cars. Each vehicle is beautifully restored and maintained, making it a delight to explore. Highlights include a rare Ferrari F40 and a vintage Ford GT40.

Visitors can learn about the history and engineering of these remarkable cars. The museum provides detailed information about each vehicle, including its performance specs and historical significance.

In addition to the car collection, the Marconi Automotive Museum supports various charitable causes. Proceeds from admissions and events help fund local children’s charities. It’s a great way to enjoy incredible cars while supporting a good cause.

The museum also offers event space for private functions. It’s a unique venue for weddings, corporate events, and parties, providing an unforgettable backdrop of exotic cars.

Address: 1302 Industrial Dr, Tustin, CA 92780

5. Old Town Tustin

Old Town Tustin is a delightful area brimming with history and charm. Wander through streets lined with vintage buildings, some dating back to the 1880s. These well-preserved structures now house an array of unique shops, cozy cafes, and specialty boutiques. It’s a perfect spot to experience the nostalgic feel of Tustin’s past.

Start your visit at the Tustin Area Historical Society and Museum. This small but informative museum showcases the history of Tustin and its development over the years. You’ll find fascinating exhibits featuring old photographs, artifacts, and documents.

Stroll down Main Street and pop into local favorites like The Lost Bean, a charming coffee shop with a relaxed atmosphere. For something sweet, visit Cream Pan Bakery, famous for its strawberry croissants and other delicious pastries. If you’re a fan of antiques, check out the numerous antique stores offering everything from vintage furniture to quirky collectibles.

Old Town Tustin also hosts various events throughout the year, including art walks, farmers markets, and holiday festivities. These events add to the vibrant community feel and provide entertainment for all ages.

Address: Main Street, Tustin, CA 92780

6. The District at Tustin Legacy

The District at Tustin Legacy is a vibrant shopping, dining, and entertainment hub. This expansive center offers a mix of popular retailers, diverse restaurants, and entertainment options. Whether you’re shopping for the latest trends or looking to enjoy a fun night out, The District has something for everyone.

Retail enthusiasts can explore stores like Target, TJ Maxx, and HomeGoods. Fashion lovers will appreciate shops like H&M and Tilly’s. For tech gadgets, visit Best Buy or the Apple Store.

Dining at The District is a culinary adventure. Options range from casual eateries to upscale dining. Try The Winery Restaurant & Wine Bar for a sophisticated meal or head to Lucille’s Smokehouse BBQ for a hearty, Southern-style feast. There are also plenty of quick bites available, including Blaze Pizza and Chipotle.

Entertainment is a key feature of The District. Watch the latest movies at AMC Tustin 14, which offers IMAX and luxury seating. For family fun, visit the bowling alley or laser tag arena. Seasonal events and activities often take place, adding to the lively atmosphere.

Address: 2437 Park Ave, Tustin, CA 92782

7. Tustin Area Historical Society and Museum

The Tustin Area Historical Society and Museum offers a fascinating glimpse into the city’s past. Located in the heart of Old Town Tustin, this small but rich museum preserves the history and heritage of Tustin. As you step inside, you are greeted with exhibits that showcase the city’s development from its early days to the present.

One of the highlights is the collection of photographs depicting Tustin’s transformation over the decades. The museum also displays artifacts such as vintage clothing, household items, and tools used by the early settlers. These items provide a tangible connection to the lives of those who built the community.

The Historical Society frequently organizes walking tours of Old Town Tustin. These tours offer detailed insights into the historical buildings and significant sites in the area. It’s a great way to learn about the local history while enjoying a pleasant walk.

For researchers and history enthusiasts, the museum’s archive room is a treasure trove of documents, maps, and books. The knowledgeable staff and volunteers are always ready to assist with any inquiries about Tustin’s history.

The museum also hosts special events and educational programs for all ages. These events help keep the community engaged with its history and foster a deeper appreciation for the city’s heritage.

Address: 395 El Camino Real, Tustin, CA 92780

8. Tustin Sports Park

Tustin Sports Park is a popular destination for sports enthusiasts and families alike. This well-equipped park features a wide range of facilities designed to cater to various athletic activities and recreational needs. The park’s expansive fields and courts make it a hub of activity throughout the year.

The park boasts multiple soccer fields, which are often used for local league matches and casual play. There are also well-maintained tennis courts available for public use. If you’re a basketball fan, you can enjoy a game on one of the park’s full-sized courts.

In addition to sports facilities, Tustin Sports Park offers a large playground area. The playground is equipped with modern and safe equipment, making it a favorite spot for families with young children. Nearby picnic tables and BBQ grills provide the perfect setting for family gatherings and social events.

For those who enjoy a leisurely walk or jog, the park has well-paved walking trails. These trails are ideal for a morning run or an evening stroll. The park’s open green spaces also offer plenty of room for relaxation and informal games.

Community events and sports tournaments are frequently held at Tustin Sports Park, bringing together residents and visitors. These events foster a sense of community and provide enjoyable activities for all ages.

Address: 12850 Robinson Dr, Tustin, CA 92782

9. Peters Canyon Regional Park

Peters Canyon Regional Park is a haven for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. This vast park covers over 340 acres and offers a variety of trails suitable for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. The park’s diverse terrain and scenic beauty make it a popular destination for those looking to escape the urban hustle.

One of the main attractions is the Peters Canyon Lake View Trail. This loop trail offers stunning views of the lake and surrounding hills. The trail is moderately challenging, making it suitable for both casual hikers and those looking for a good workout.

The park is home to a wide range of wildlife, including birds, rabbits, and occasionally deer. Birdwatchers will particularly enjoy the park, as it provides excellent opportunities to spot various species of birds.

For mountain biking enthusiasts, Peters Canyon offers several trails with varying degrees of difficulty. The trails wind through different parts of the park, providing a mix of uphill climbs and downhill descents. Horseback riders also have designated trails, ensuring a safe and enjoyable ride.

Peters Canyon Regional Park is also a great place for picnicking. There are several picnic areas equipped with tables and benches. These spots offer a peaceful setting to enjoy a meal surrounded by nature.

Address: 8548 Canyon View Ave, Orange, CA 92869

10. Sky Zone Trampoline Park

Sky Zone Trampoline Park in Tustin is a thrilling destination for all ages. This indoor trampoline park offers a variety of activities that combine fun and fitness. Jump on the interconnected trampolines that cover the floor and even extend up the walls. It’s an exhilarating experience that brings out the kid in everyone.

One of the main attractions is the Foam Zone. Here, you can leap off trampolines into a pit filled with soft foam cubes. It’s perfect for practicing flips and tricks in a safe environment. For those who enjoy sports, Sky Zone features SkySlam, where you can dunk basketballs on trampolines, adding a high-flying twist to the game.

Dodgeball enthusiasts will love the Ultimate Dodgeball courts. Play a fast-paced game on trampolines, adding an extra dimension of excitement. There are also designated areas for younger children to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for all visitors.

Sky Zone offers fitness classes like SkyFit, which combines aerobics with trampoline exercises. It’s a fun way to stay in shape. The park also hosts birthday parties and group events, providing a unique venue for celebrations.

Address: 1301 N Kellogg Dr, Anaheim, CA 92807

11. AMC Tustin 14 at The District

AMC Tustin 14 at The District is the perfect spot for movie lovers. This state-of-the-art theater offers a premium movie-going experience. Enjoy the latest blockbusters in IMAX or relax in the plush recliners available in many of the auditoriums. The theater provides a comfortable and immersive viewing experience.

AMC Tustin 14 is equipped with advanced sound and projection systems, ensuring that every film is seen and heard at its best. The spacious and modern lobby includes a concession stand with a wide variety of snacks and drinks. From classic popcorn to gourmet options, there’s something for everyone.

For an extra special experience, check out the theater’s Dolby Cinema. This format combines powerful image quality with moving audio, making you feel like you’re part of the movie. It’s a favorite among cinephiles.

The theater also offers special events and screenings. Enjoy classics on the big screen or catch a live broadcast of a concert or sports event. AMC Stubs members can earn rewards and enjoy perks like free upgrades on concessions.

AMC Tustin 14 is located within The District, a vibrant shopping and entertainment complex. After the movie, explore the nearby restaurants and shops.

Address: 2457 Park Ave, Tustin, CA 92782

12. Tustin Lanes

Tustin Lanes is a popular bowling alley that offers fun for the whole family. This well-maintained facility features numerous lanes equipped with modern scoring systems. Whether you’re a seasoned bowler or a beginner, you’ll have a great time here.

The bowling alley provides a variety of options for play. Participate in league bowling for a more competitive experience or enjoy open play with friends and family. Tustin Lanes also offers glow-in-the-dark bowling during Cosmic Bowling nights, complete with music and vibrant lights. It’s a fun and energetic atmosphere.

For those looking to improve their game, Tustin Lanes has professional instructors available for lessons. They can help bowlers of all levels refine their techniques and increase their scores. The facility also hosts tournaments, giving bowlers a chance to showcase their skills.

In addition to bowling, Tustin Lanes features an arcade with a variety of games. Challenge your friends to a game of air hockey or try your luck at winning prizes. The alley also has a snack bar offering classic bowling alley fare like pizza, burgers, and fries.

Tustin Lanes is a great venue for birthday parties and group events. The staff can help plan and organize everything, ensuring a fun and memorable experience for all attendees.

Address: 1091 Old Irvine Blvd, Tustin, CA 92780

13. Laser Quest

Laser Quest in Tustin is a thrilling experience for all ages. This indoor laser tag arena combines hide-and-seek and tag with a high-tech twist. Players navigate through a multi-level maze filled with fog, music, and special lighting effects, making the game both exciting and immersive.

The arena is designed to challenge players with its intricate layout. You can find plenty of spots to hide and ambush opponents. The equipment is easy to use, with lightweight vests and laser guns that are suitable for all ages. Whether you’re playing solo or as part of a team, the fast-paced action keeps everyone engaged.

Laser Quest offers various game formats, including standard matches and special missions. Each game typically lasts around 20 minutes, providing ample time for strategy and fun. The scores are displayed at the end, allowing players to see how they performed.

The venue also hosts birthday parties, corporate events, and group outings. Their party packages include private rooms, food options, and dedicated hosts to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience. It’s a perfect spot for team-building or celebrating special occasions.

Address: 229 E Main St, Tustin, CA 92780

14. The Tustin Farmers Market

The Tustin Farmers Market is a delightful spot to visit every Wednesday. Located in the heart of Tustin, this market offers a variety of fresh, locally-sourced produce and artisanal goods. It’s a vibrant community hub where residents and visitors can shop, socialize, and enjoy the outdoor atmosphere.

You’ll find a wide selection of fruits and vegetables, often picked just hours before the market opens. Local farmers bring their best seasonal produce, ensuring high quality and freshness. In addition to produce, vendors offer homemade jams, baked goods, honey, and more.

The market isn’t just about food. Artisans sell handcrafted items like jewelry, soaps, and candles. These unique products make perfect gifts or personal treats. The market also features live music, creating a lively and enjoyable shopping experience.

Visiting the Tustin Farmers Market supports local businesses and sustainable farming practices. It’s an excellent way to connect with the community and discover new and delicious foods. Bring your reusable bags and enjoy a morning of shopping and tasting.

Address: El Camino Real & W 3rd St, Tustin, CA 92780

15. Chemers Gallery

Chemers Gallery is a cultural gem in Tustin. This charming gallery showcases a diverse range of art, including contemporary pieces, traditional artworks, and unique crafts. It’s a must-visit for art lovers and those looking to add a touch of creativity to their lives.

The gallery features works from local, national, and international artists. You can find everything from paintings and sculptures to jewelry and textiles. Each piece is carefully curated, reflecting the gallery’s commitment to quality and artistic expression.

Chemers Gallery also hosts rotating exhibitions, ensuring there’s always something new to see. These exhibitions often focus on specific themes or artists, providing deeper insights into various art forms. The knowledgeable staff is always available to discuss the artworks and help you find the perfect piece for your home or collection.

In addition to art, Chemers Gallery offers custom framing services. Their expert framers can help you choose the best materials and techniques to preserve and showcase your artwork. They also provide restoration services for damaged pieces.

The gallery regularly holds events such as artist receptions and workshops. These events offer opportunities to meet the artists, learn about their processes, and even try your hand at creating art.

Address: 17300 17th St #G, Tustin, CA 92780

16. The Market Place

The Market Place in Tustin, CA, is a shopper’s paradise. This sprawling center features a wide array of stores, restaurants, and entertainment options. Whether you’re looking for the latest fashion, home goods, or electronics, you’ll find it all here. The layout is spacious, making it easy to navigate from store to store.

Anchored by major retailers like Target and Best Buy, The Market Place offers something for everyone. Fashion enthusiasts can explore popular stores like H&M, Old Navy, and Nordstrom Rack. For tech lovers, there’s an Apple Store and a Best Buy. If you’re furnishing a home, check out HomeGoods or Bed Bath & Beyond.

Dining at The Market Place is a treat. You can find a variety of cuisines, from fast food to fine dining. Try the delicious dishes at California Pizza Kitchen or enjoy a quick bite at In-N-Out Burger. For dessert, visit the Cheesecake Factory or Yogurtland.

The Market Place also hosts events throughout the year, such as seasonal sales and family-friendly activities. It’s a great place to spend the day shopping, dining, and enjoying time with friends or family.

Address: 2961 El Camino Real, Tustin, CA 92782

17. Citrus Ranch Park

Citrus Ranch Park is a beautiful outdoor space in Tustin, perfect for family outings and recreational activities. The park is known for its stunning citrus grove, which adds a unique and fragrant touch to the environment. The grove features rows of orange trees that bloom seasonally, providing a picturesque backdrop for visitors.

The park includes a large playground area with modern equipment, making it a hit with children. There are also plenty of picnic tables and BBQ grills, making it an ideal spot for family picnics or gatherings with friends. Shaded areas and open lawns provide options for relaxation or casual games.

For those who enjoy staying active, Citrus Ranch Park offers walking trails that wind through the citrus grove and around the park. These trails are great for a morning jog or an evening stroll, offering beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.

The park also features a large pavilion that can be rented for private events. It’s a popular spot for birthday parties, family reunions, and other celebrations. The well-maintained facilities and natural beauty make Citrus Ranch Park a favorite among locals and visitors alike.

Address: 2910 Portola Pkwy, Tustin, CA 92782

18. Pinot’s Palette

Pinot’s Palette in Tustin offers a fun and creative way to spend your time. This paint-and-sip studio combines art and socializing in a relaxed environment. No prior painting experience is needed. Friendly instructors guide you step-by-step through creating your masterpiece. You can enjoy your favorite drink while you paint, making it a perfect outing with friends or a unique date night.

The studio provides all the necessary materials, including canvases, paints, brushes, and aprons. Each session features a different painting, so there’s always something new to try. The atmosphere is lively and supportive, encouraging creativity and fun.

Pinot’s Palette also hosts private events. You can book the studio for birthday parties, corporate team-building events, or bachelorette parties. They offer custom packages to make your event special, including personalized paintings and dedicated instructors.

For those looking to develop their skills, Pinot’s Palette offers more advanced classes and workshops. These sessions delve deeper into techniques and styles, allowing you to expand your artistic abilities.

Address: 2479 Park Ave, Tustin, CA 92782

19. Tustin Centennial Park

Tustin Centennial Park is a beautiful green space perfect for outdoor activities and relaxation. The park features expansive lawns, shaded areas, and well-maintained pathways. It’s a great spot for picnics, casual games, and enjoying nature.

The playground is a hit with kids, offering modern equipment that ensures safety and fun. Nearby, you’ll find picnic tables and BBQ grills, making it convenient for family gatherings and social events. The open fields are ideal for playing soccer, frisbee, or just running around.

For fitness enthusiasts, Tustin Centennial Park has a fitness trail equipped with exercise stations. These stations offer a variety of exercises, making it easy to incorporate a workout into your park visit. The paved paths are also perfect for jogging or walking, providing a scenic route through the park.

Community events are frequently held at the park, including outdoor concerts, movie nights, and seasonal festivals. These events foster a sense of community and provide enjoyable activities for all ages.

Address: 14722 Devonshire Ave, Tustin, CA 92780

20. Tustin Ranch House

The Tustin Ranch House is a historical landmark that offers a glimpse into the city’s past. Originally built in the late 1800s, the ranch house has been carefully preserved and restored. It now serves as a venue for events and a testament to Tustin’s rich history.

Visitors can tour the Tustin Ranch House and explore its well-preserved rooms and artifacts. The house features period furniture, historical photographs, and other items that tell the story of its early days. Guided tours provide detailed insights into the history and significance of the house and its former inhabitants.

The surrounding grounds are beautifully landscaped, making it a lovely place to walk and enjoy the outdoors. The property includes gardens, a gazebo, and open lawns, providing a serene setting for relaxation and reflection.

The Tustin Ranch House is also a popular venue for weddings, corporate events, and special celebrations. Its historical charm and picturesque surroundings make it a unique and memorable location for any event. The staff offers event planning services, ensuring that every detail is taken care of.

Address: 13800 Tustin Ranch Rd, Tustin, CA 92782

21. Bowlero Tustin

Bowlero Tustin is a premier destination for bowling and entertainment in Tustin. This modern bowling alley offers a fun atmosphere with plenty of lanes for casual and competitive play. The vibrant lighting, upbeat music, and stylish decor create an energetic environment perfect for all ages.

In addition to bowling, Bowlero Tustin features an arcade with a variety of games. From classic pinball machines to the latest video games, there’s something for everyone. The arcade is a great place to challenge friends and win prizes.

The alley also has a sports bar and lounge area where you can relax and enjoy a meal or drink. The menu includes a wide range of options, from burgers and pizzas to salads and snacks. Large screens around the bar ensure you won’t miss any live sports action while you bowl or dine.

Bowlero Tustin hosts special events, including cosmic bowling nights with glowing lanes and music. It’s a perfect venue for birthday parties, corporate events, and group outings. Their event packages include lane reservations, food, and drinks, making it easy to plan a memorable occasion.

Address: 2405 Park Ave, Tustin, CA 92782

22. Rawhide Ranch

Rawhide Ranch in Tustin offers an authentic ranch experience right in the city. This unique destination is perfect for those who love horses and the great outdoors. The ranch provides horseback riding lessons for all skill levels, from beginners to advanced riders. Professional instructors ensure a safe and enjoyable experience, teaching the basics of riding and horse care.

The ranch’s scenic trails offer beautiful views and a peaceful riding experience. Whether you’re taking a leisurely ride or a more challenging trek, you’ll appreciate the well-maintained paths and friendly, well-trained horses. For younger visitors, pony rides are available, making it a fun family outing.

Rawhide Ranch also hosts special events and camps. These programs are designed to provide a deeper understanding of ranch life and horsemanship. Kids and adults alike can participate in day camps that include riding, learning about animal care, and engaging in traditional ranch activities.

The ranch’s facilities are also available for private events. Host a birthday party, corporate event, or special celebration in a unique and memorable setting. The staff at Rawhide Ranch will help organize the event, ensuring it’s a success.

Address: 1701 Rawhide Dr, Tustin, CA 92780

23. The Legacy Skate Park

The Legacy Skate Park in Tustin is a popular spot for skateboarders and BMX riders. This well-designed park features a variety of ramps, rails, and bowls that cater to different skill levels. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced skater, you’ll find plenty of challenges and opportunities to hone your skills.

The park’s layout includes a mix of street-style obstacles and smooth transitions. Skaters can practice tricks on ledges, grind on rails, or catch air off ramps. The large bowl area is perfect for more advanced riders looking to perform aerial maneuvers and complex stunts.

The Legacy Skate Park is well-maintained, ensuring a safe environment for all visitors. It’s open daily from dawn to dusk, providing ample time for skaters to enjoy the facilities. The park’s location within a larger recreational area means there’s plenty of space to relax and watch the action.

In addition to individual use, the park hosts skateboarding events and competitions. These events draw local talent and spectators, creating a vibrant community atmosphere. It’s a great way to meet other skaters and be part of the local skateboarding scene.

Address: 12732 Main St, Tustin, CA 92780

Final Thoughts

Tustin, CA, offers a delightful mix of activities and attractions for visitors of all ages. Whether you’re enjoying a game of bowling, exploring the local skateboarding scene, or simply taking in the community’s rich history and beautiful parks, Tustin provides a memorable experience.

Each venue highlights the city’s commitment to fun, relaxation, and active living. With so many diverse options, Tustin is a must-visit destination for a fantastic and engaging time.